## Greek Alphabet

Greek letters (c. 800 BC) are often used as symbols in mathematics, physics, and other sciences.

Table: The Greek Alphabet. Order, English name, modern pronunciation, Latin transliteration, lowercase, lowercase variant, and uppercase. (Uppercase omitted if coincides with a Roman letter.)

# Name IPA Latin Lower Var Upper
1 Alpha /ˈælfə/ a $\alpha$
2 Beta /ˈbeɪtə/ b $\beta$
3 Gamma /ˈɡæmə/ g $\gamma$ $\Gamma$
4 Delta /ˈdɛltə/ d $\delta$ $\Delta$
5 Epsilon /ˈɛpsɪlɒn/ e $\epsilon$ $\varepsilon$
6 Zeta /ˈzeɪtə/ z $\zeta$
7 Eta /ˈeɪtə/ ē $\eta$
8 Theta /ˈθeɪtə/ th $\theta$ $\vartheta$ $\Theta$
9 Iota /aɪˈoʊtə/ i $\iota$
10 Kappa /ˈkæpə/ k, c $\kappa$ $\varkappa$
11 Lambda /ˈlæmdə/ l $\lambda$ $\Lambda$
12 Mu /mjuː/ m $\mu$
13 Nu /njuː/ n $\nu$
14 Xi /zaɪ/, /ksaɪ/ x $\xi$ $\Xi$
15 Omicron /ˈɒmɪkrɒn/ o $\omicron$
16 Pi /paɪ/ p $\pi$ $\varpi$ $\Pi$
17 Rho /roʊ/ r, rh $\rho$ $\varrho$
18 Sigma /ˈsɪɡmə/ s $\sigma$ $\varsigma$ $\Sigma$
19 Tau /taʊ/, /tɔː/ t $\tau$
20 Upsilon /ˈʊpsɪlɒn/ y, u $\upsilon$ $\Upsilon$
21 Phi /faɪ/ ph $\phi$ $\varphi$ $\Phi$
22 Chi /kaɪ/ ch, kh $\chi$
23 Psi /saɪ/, /psaɪ/ ps $\psi$ $\Psi$
24 Omega /oʊˈmeɪɡə/ ō $\omega$ $\Omega$

## Latin Alphabet

Latin letters (c. 700 BC) are the most commonly used mathematical symbols.

Table: The Latin Alphabet. Uppercase, double-struck (blackboard bold), calligraphic, alternative calligraphic (script, e.g. Ralph Smith's Formal Script), Fraktur (Gothic); lowercase, Fraktur (Gothic).

# Up bb cal scr frak Low frak
1 $A$ $\mathbb{A}$ $\mathcal{A}$ $\mathscr{A}$ $\mathfrak{A}$ $a$ $\mathfrak{a}$
2 $B$ $\mathbb{B}$ $\mathcal{B}$ $\mathscr{B}$ $\mathfrak{B}$ $b$ $\mathfrak{b}$
3 $C$ $\mathbb{C}$ $\mathcal{C}$ $\mathscr{C}$ $\mathfrak{C}$ $c$ $\mathfrak{c}$
4 $D$ $\mathbb{D}$ $\mathcal{D}$ $\mathscr{D}$ $\mathfrak{D}$ $d$ $\mathfrak{d}$
5 $E$ $\mathbb{E}$ $\mathcal{E}$ $\mathscr{E}$ $\mathfrak{E}$ $e$ $\mathfrak{e}$
6 $F$ $\mathbb{F}$ $\mathcal{F}$ $\mathscr{F}$ $\mathfrak{F}$ $f$ $\mathfrak{f}$
7 $G$ $\mathbb{G}$ $\mathcal{G}$ $\mathscr{G}$ $\mathfrak{G}$ $g$ $\mathfrak{g}$
8 $H$ $\mathbb{H}$ $\mathcal{H}$ $\mathscr{H}$ $\mathfrak{H}$ $h$ $\mathfrak{h}$
9 $I$ $\mathbb{I}$ $\mathcal{I}$ $\mathscr{I}$ $\mathfrak{I}$ $i$ $\mathfrak{i}$
10 $J$ $\mathbb{J}$ $\mathcal{J}$ $\mathscr{J}$ $\mathfrak{J}$ $j$ $\mathfrak{j}$
11 $K$ $\mathbb{K}$ $\mathcal{K}$ $\mathscr{K}$ $\mathfrak{K}$ $k$ $\mathfrak{k}$
12 $L$ $\mathbb{L}$ $\mathcal{L}$ $\mathscr{L}$ $\mathfrak{L}$ $l$ $\mathfrak{l}$
13 $M$ $\mathbb{M}$ $\mathcal{M}$ $\mathscr{M}$ $\mathfrak{M}$ $m$ $\mathfrak{m}$
14 $N$ $\mathbb{N}$ $\mathcal{N}$ $\mathscr{N}$ $\mathfrak{N}$ $n$ $\mathfrak{n}$
15 $O$ $\mathbb{O}$ $\mathcal{O}$ $\mathscr{O}$ $\mathfrak{O}$ $o$ $\mathfrak{o}$
16 $P$ $\mathbb{P}$ $\mathcal{P}$ $\mathscr{P}$ $\mathfrak{P}$ $p$ $\mathfrak{p}$
17 $Q$ $\mathbb{Q}$ $\mathcal{Q}$ $\mathscr{Q}$ $\mathfrak{Q}$ $q$ $\mathfrak{q}$
18 $R$ $\mathbb{R}$ $\mathcal{R}$ $\mathscr{R}$ $\mathfrak{R}$ $r$ $\mathfrak{r}$
19 $S$ $\mathbb{S}$ $\mathcal{S}$ $\mathscr{S}$ $\mathfrak{S}$ $s$ $\mathfrak{s}$
20 $T$ $\mathbb{T}$ $\mathcal{T}$ $\mathscr{T}$ $\mathfrak{T}$ $t$ $\mathfrak{t}$
21 $U$ $\mathbb{U}$ $\mathcal{U}$ $\mathscr{U}$ $\mathfrak{U}$ $u$ $\mathfrak{u}$
22 $V$ $\mathbb{V}$ $\mathcal{V}$ $\mathscr{V}$ $\mathfrak{V}$ $v$ $\mathfrak{v}$
23 $W$ $\mathbb{W}$ $\mathcal{W}$ $\mathscr{W}$ $\mathfrak{W}$ $w$ $\mathfrak{w}$
24 $X$ $\mathbb{X}$ $\mathcal{X}$ $\mathscr{X}$ $\mathfrak{X}$ $x$ $\mathfrak{x}$
25 $Y$ $\mathbb{Y}$ $\mathcal{Y}$ $\mathscr{Y}$ $\mathfrak{Y}$ $y$ $\mathfrak{y}$
26 $Z$ $\mathbb{Z}$ $\mathcal{Z}$ $\mathscr{Z}$ $\mathfrak{Z}$ $z$ $\mathfrak{z}$

## Hebrew Lettters

Some Hebrew lettters (c. 200 BC) are also used as mathematical symbols.

Table: Hebrew Letters used as math symbols.

# Letter Name
1 $\aleph$ Aleph
2 $\beth$ Beth
3 $\gimel$ Gimel